| Direct Correction (on-the-spot) |
Correction that is given the moment the student makes an error. |
| Educational TPR |
Educational TPR is body language used to reinforce new concepts. Educational TPR is most effective if a student repeats the movement as well. |
| Elaboration |
Elaboration is a method of practicing a new concept or skill. Elaboration goes beyond rote repetition and often involves answering questions and extending conversation about a topic. |
| ELL (English Language Learner) |
An ELL refers to anyone who is learning English as a second language. |
| Error |
An error is a gap in student knowledge. An error is usually done repeatedly. |
| ESL (English as a Second Language) |
ESL refers to learning English as a second language. |
| Fluency |
In an educational context, fluency refers to a student’s ability to read with speed, accuracy, and expression. |
| Incidental Language |
Incidental language is spoken language that isn’t strictly necessary for the learning goals. |
| Indirect Correction (Cold Correction) |
Correction that is done well after an error is made so as to avoid interrupting a student. This is often done during fluency exercises. |
| Instructional TPR |
Instructional TPR involves actions that represents classroom commands. For example, motions to indicate “listen” or “click”. |
| Mistake |
A mistake is due to carelessness and is not a reflection of missing knowledge. Mistakes usually happen in isolation. |
| Objectives |
An objective is a goal. In the case of online education, objectives refer to what should be learned by the end of a lesson. |
| Output |
Output in an online ESL class refers to how much a student is speaking in the English language. |
| Phonics |
Correlating sounds with letters or groups of letters. Phonics instruction is critical when teaching students to read. |
| Positive Correction |
The term “positive correction” is used to mean an avoidance of explicitly pointing out student errors. Instead, teachers can reteach skills that need to be improved. |
| Praise |
Expressing approval of an action or behavior. In the online ESL class it is important to praise participation and effort. |
| Rote repetition |
Rote repetition is repeating a word or phrase verbatim. It does not require higher level thinking. |
| Rate of Speech |
Rate of speech refers to how quickly you speak. |
| Realia |
Objects from real life that are used as teaching tools. |
| Scaffolding |
In an educational setting, this is the gradual release of teacher support to help a child learn how to complete a task independently. |
| Sentence Structures |
A sentence structure is the way a sentence is grammatically arranged. |
| Secondary Reward |
A secondary reward is any visual tool that can be shown periodically that prompts some level of excitement to help motivate a student. |
| Teaching Tools |
Teaching tools include any extra resources that a teacher supplies to enhance lesson content. |
| TPR (Total Physical Response) |
Applying TPR means using body language as a tool to make verbal communication more easily understood. With TPR, speech and movement work in coordination. There are two types of TPR: Educational and Instructional. |
| Vocabulary |
The set of words within a particular language. |